Poland is situated in Central Europe, its area stretches from The Baltic Sea in the north for Carpathians on south. Polish fields are put among 49000’ (Opolonek top in Beshyadas) and 54052’ (Rozewie cape) latitude northern and 14007’ (Oder’s knee on west from Cedynia) and 24008’ (Bug’s knee on east from Strzyzow) longitude eastern.

Countries emerge neighboring and length of borders:

• Belorussia - 416 km
• Czech Republic – 790 km
• Russian Federation – Kaliningrad Region – 210 km
• Lithuana – 103 km
• Germany – 467 km
• Slovakia – 539 km
• Ukraine – 529 km
• Border at the sea – 528 km

Forming field

Poland is typically lowland country. Southern part of country is occupied by mountain ranges – Sudety, Carpathians and Saint Cross Mountain. The highest top in Poland is Rysy in Tatra which totals 2499 meters over sea’s level, the biggest depression is Vistulan Zulawy, it’s based in Vistula’s delta and totals 1,9 meter under sea’s level. The longest Polish river is Vistula, it lengths 1047 kilometers.

Geological structure

On present forming Polish field had influence geological processes dated among Pre-Cambrian and Holocene. Modern geological structure is defined mosaic. Our country is put in three geological provinces in Europe:

• Pre-Cambrian platform in east Europe
• Paleozoic folds area (Caledonian and Herzinian) –Sudety and Saint Cross Mountains are dated from this period
• Alpine folds area – the result of this activity are Carpathians

Soils

There are three basic types of soils in Poland:

• white earth, fawn and brown earth (about 82% Polish territory)
• black earth (about 1% surface of country)
• soil zone (mad, swamps, black lands, fertile soils) occupy 17% Polish land.

Nature

Central situated Poland causes that fields are placed in moderate climatic zone. Formed climatic conditions determine type of forests in country. Poland is situated in central European leafy and blend forests’ zone. Typically leafy forests are lime trees, oaks and hornbeams; there are also blend pine-oak forests. Forests cover near 29% Polish field. Flora counts over 2000 native sorts and near 300 sorts of foreign’s origins of plants. Legal protection included over 200 sorts of plants and over 470 sorts of animals. Many of an age’s to be hunted sorts are periodic protection. There are 23 national parks and 1072 different type of sanctuaries in Poland. National parks occupy about 3120 hectares.